*, *::before, *::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

:root {
  --black: #111111;
  --white: #f8f6f1;
  --rule: #cccccc;
  --accent: #c0392b;
  --accent-dark: #a93226;
  /* Lightest grey that still clears WCAG AA (4.5:1) on --white and on the
     article's yellow zone. Anything lighter fails the contrast checker. */
  --muted: #6b6b6b;
  --body-dim: #333333;
}

body {
  background-color: var(--white);
  color: var(--black);
  font-family: 'EB Garamond', Georgia, serif;
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

/* ── Accessibility helpers ── */

.visually-hidden {
  position: absolute;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  margin: -1px;
  padding: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip: rect(0 0 0 0);
  clip-path: inset(50%);
  white-space: nowrap;
  border: 0;
}

.skip-link {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  z-index: 100;
  transform: translateY(-150%);
  background: var(--black);
  color: var(--white);
  padding: 0.75rem 1.25rem;
  font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: transform 0.15s ease;
}

.skip-link:focus {
  transform: translateY(0);
}

/* One visible focus ring for every interactive element. Individual components
   below must not set `outline: none` — that leaves keyboard users stranded. */
:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid var(--accent);
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  *, *::before, *::after {
    animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;
    animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
    transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
    scroll-behavior: auto !important;
  }
}

/* ── Header ── */

header {
  padding: 2.5rem 3rem 0;
}

.site-name {
  font-family: 'Playfair Display', Georgia, serif;
  font-weight: 900;
  font-size: clamp(3rem, 9vw, 7rem);
  line-height: 0.95;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  color: var(--black);
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

.name-link {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color 0.15s ease, opacity 0.15s ease;
}

.name-link:hover {
  color: var(--black);
  opacity: 0.45;
}

.name-link.active {
  color: var(--accent);
  opacity: 1;
}

/* ── Nav ── */

.main-nav {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: row;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  gap: 0;
  border-top: 1.5px solid var(--black);
  border-bottom: 1.5px solid var(--black);
  padding: 0.5rem 0;
}

.main-nav a {
  font-family: 'EB Garamond', Georgia, serif;
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--black);
  text-decoration: none;
  padding: 0.1rem 0 0.1rem 1.25rem;
  margin-left: 1.25rem;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--rule);
  transition: color 0.15s ease, opacity 0.15s ease;
}

.main-nav a:first-child {
  border-left: none;
  margin-left: 0;
  padding-left: 0;
}

.main-nav a:hover {
  opacity: 0.45;
}

.main-nav a.active {
  color: var(--accent);
  opacity: 1;
}

/* ── Home layout ── */

.home-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.6fr;
  gap: 3rem;
  padding: 3rem 3rem;
  align-items: start;
}

.home-photo .portrait {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  display: block;
  object-fit: cover;
}

.home-bio {
  padding-top: 0.25rem;
}

.home-bio p {
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

.home-bio p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

/* ── Section pages (audio, writing, video, etc.) ── */

.audio-page {
  padding: 2.5rem 3rem;
}

.audio-intro-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.6fr;
  gap: 3rem;
  margin-bottom: 3rem;
  align-items: stretch;
}

.audio-intro-photo {
  position: relative;
  align-self: stretch;
  overflow: hidden;
  min-height: 202px;
}

.audio-intro-photo img {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center 15%;
  display: block;
}

/* Per-page focal points, previously inline `style` attributes. */
.audio-intro-photo--desk img  { object-position: center 52%; }
.audio-intro-photo--video img { object-position: center 20%; }

.audio-intro {
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.audio-intro p {
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

.audio-intro p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.audio-section {
  margin-bottom: 4rem;
}

.section-heading {
  font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 2vw, 1.4rem);
  line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: 0.15em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--accent);
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
  border-bottom: 1.5px solid var(--black);
}

/* ── Carousel ── */

.carousel-wrapper {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 0.75rem;
}

.carousel-viewport {
  flex: 1;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.carousel-track {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
}

.carousel-item {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  padding-right: 1.25rem;
}

.carousel-item:last-child {
  padding-right: 0;
}

.carousel-img-link {
  display: block;
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  padding-bottom: 56.25%; /* 9/16 — height driven by CSS, never by image */
  overflow: hidden;
  margin-bottom: 0.6rem;
  -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;
}

.carousel-img {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
  transition: opacity 0.15s;
}

.carousel-img-link:hover .carousel-img {
  opacity: 0.8;
}

.carousel-btn {
  background: none;
  border: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  color: var(--black);
  /* 44px min target — pointer-accessible on touch screens */
  min-width: 44px;
  min-height: 44px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 0.5rem 0.6rem;
  margin-top: 4rem;
  transition: opacity 0.15s;
  touch-action: manipulation;
  -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;
}

.carousel-icon {
  width: 1.4rem;
  height: 1.4rem;
}

.carousel-btn:hover {
  opacity: 0.4;
}

.item-caption {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.15rem;
  margin-top: 0.6rem;
}

.caption-pub {
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.caption-title {
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-style: italic;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.caption-role {
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

/* ── Highlights / grid ── */

.grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 2rem 1.75rem;
}

.grid--2col {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
}

.grid--4col {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
}

.grid--1col {
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  max-width: 720px;
}

.grid-img-link {
  display: block;
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  padding-bottom: 100%; /* 1:1 square — height driven by CSS, never by image */
  overflow: hidden;
  margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
  -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;
}

.grid-img {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
  transition: opacity 0.15s;
}

.grid-img-link:hover .grid-img {
  opacity: 0.8;
}

/* A full-bleed image that keeps its own aspect ratio inside a grid item. */
.grid-media {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.story-player {
  width: 100%;
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
}

/* ── YouTube / video responsive wrapper ── */

.video-wrapper {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  padding-bottom: 56.25%;
  overflow: hidden;
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
}

.video-wrapper--tall {
  padding-bottom: calc(56.25% + 160px);
}

.video-wrapper iframe {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  border: 0;
}

/* ── Grid description links ── */

.grid-desc a,
.audio-intro a {
  color: var(--black);
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
}

.grid-desc a:hover,
.audio-intro a:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.grid-desc {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
  color: var(--body-dim);
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
}

.grid-desc--award {
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--muted);
}

/* ── Bio links ── */

.home-bio a {
  color: var(--black);
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
}

.home-bio a:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
}

/* ── Etc. page ── */

.etc-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.6fr;
  gap: 3rem;
  align-items: start;
}

.etc-photo {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  display: block;
  order: -1;
}

/* ── Contact page ── */

.contact-page {
  padding: 2.5rem 3rem 5rem;
  max-width: 600px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.contact-page h1 {
  font-family: 'Playfair Display', Georgia, serif;
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 3rem);
  font-weight: 900;
  margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
}

.contact-field {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.4rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

.contact-field label {
  font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.contact-input,
.contact-textarea {
  font-family: 'EB Garamond', Georgia, serif;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  padding: 0.6rem 0.75rem;
  border: 1.5px solid var(--rule);
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--black);
  width: 100%;
}

.contact-input:focus,
.contact-textarea:focus {
  border-color: var(--accent);
}

.contact-textarea {
  resize: vertical;
  min-height: 100px;
}

/* ── Awards page ── */

.awards-page {
  padding: 2.5rem 3rem 5rem;
  max-width: 720px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.awards-page-heading {
  font-family: 'Playfair Display', Georgia, serif;
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 3rem);
  font-weight: 900;
  margin-bottom: 3rem;
}

.award-group {
  margin-bottom: 2.75rem;
}

.award-entries {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.award-entry {
  display: flex;
  gap: 1.5rem;
  align-items: baseline;
  padding: 0.5rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e8e4dc;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.award-entry:first-child {
  border-top: 1px solid #e8e4dc;
}

.award-year {
  font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  color: var(--muted);
  min-width: 2.5rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.award-entry a {
  color: var(--black);
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
}

.award-entry a:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.award-note {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-style: italic;
  margin-left: 0.25rem;
}

/* ── Site footer / email signup ── */

.site-footer {
  background: var(--black);
  color: var(--white);
  padding: 4.5rem 3rem 4rem;
  margin-top: 4rem;
}

.footer-inner {
  max-width: 540px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  text-align: center;
}

.footer-heading {
  font-family: 'Playfair Display', Georgia, serif;
  font-size: clamp(1.6rem, 3vw, 2.1rem);
  font-weight: 900;
  line-height: 1.1;
  margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
}

.footer-sub {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  color: #999;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.subscribe-row {
  display: flex;
  gap: 0;
}

.subscribe-input {
  flex: 1;
  padding: 0.8rem 1rem;
  font-family: 'EB Garamond', Georgia, serif;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  background: #1e1e1e;
  border: 1.5px solid #444;
  border-right: none;
  color: var(--white);
  min-width: 0;
}

.subscribe-input::placeholder {
  color: #999;   /* 5.9:1 on #1e1e1e — #666 failed the contrast checker */
  opacity: 1;
}

.subscribe-input:focus {
  border-color: var(--accent);
}

.subscribe-btn {
  padding: 0.8rem 1.5rem;
  background: var(--accent);
  color: #fff;
  font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  white-space: nowrap;
  transition: background 0.15s;
}

.subscribe-btn:hover {
  background: var(--accent-dark);
}

.subscribe-btn:disabled {
  opacity: 0.6;
  cursor: default;
}

.subscribe-msg {
  margin-top: 1rem;
  font-size: 1rem;
}

.subscribe-msg--success {
  color: #7dcea0;
}

.subscribe-msg--error {
  color: #e74c3c;
}

/* ── Article page ── */

.article-yellow-zone {
  background-color: #fffbcb;
}

.article-page {
  padding: 3rem 3rem 5rem;
  max-width: 1100px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.article-yellow-zone .article-page {
  padding-bottom: 0;
}

.article-header {
  max-width: 720px;
  margin: 0 auto 2.5rem;
  text-align: center;
}

.article-kicker {
  font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--accent);
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.article-title {
  font-family: 'Playfair Display', Georgia, serif;
  font-size: clamp(2.2rem, 5vw, 3.5rem);
  font-weight: 900;
  line-height: 1.1;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.article-byline {
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

.article-lede {
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  line-height: 1.65;
  font-style: italic;
  color: #444;
}

.article-hero {
  width: 100%;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.article-hero img {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  display: block;
}

.article-hero-credit {
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--muted);
  text-align: right;
  margin-bottom: 3rem;
}

.article-hero-credit a {
  color: var(--muted);
  text-underline-offset: 2px;
}

.article-body {
  max-width: 720px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.article-body p {
  margin-bottom: 1.4em;
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  line-height: 1.75;
}

.article-body h2 {
  font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.15em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--accent);
  margin: 3rem 0 1.25rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
  border-bottom: 1.5px solid var(--black);
}

.article-body blockquote {
  border-left: 3px solid var(--accent);
  margin: 2.5rem 0;
  padding: 0.25rem 0 0.25rem 1.75rem;
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  font-style: italic;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: #222;
}

.article-body a {
  color: var(--black);
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
}

.article-body a:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.article-embed {
  margin: 2rem 0;
}

/* The PRX player injects an iframe with a fixed pixel width in an inline
   style, which overflows the viewport on phones — !important is the only way
   to override a third-party inline style we don't control. */
.article-embed iframe {
  display: block;
  width: 100% !important;
  max-width: 100%;
}

.soundcloud-embed {
  width: 100%;
  border: 0;
}

/* ── Responsive ── */

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .grid:not(.grid--1col) {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .etc-item {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .etc-photo {
    height: 320px;
    object-fit: cover;
    object-position: center 20%;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 720px) {
  header {
    padding: 1.5rem 1.25rem 0;
  }

  .main-nav {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    justify-content: space-evenly;
    padding: 0.4rem 0;
    gap: 0.3rem 0;
  }

  .main-nav a {
    flex: 0 0 33.33%;
    text-align: center;
    border-left: none;
    margin-left: 0;
    padding-left: 0;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.07em;
  }

  .home-layout {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    padding: 1.5rem 1.25rem;
    gap: 1.5rem;
  }

  .audio-page {
    padding: 1.5rem 1.25rem;
  }

  .audio-intro-layout {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .audio-intro {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .contact-page {
    padding: 1.5rem 1.25rem 3rem;
  }

  .awards-page {
    padding: 1.5rem 1.25rem 3rem;
  }

  .site-footer {
    padding: 3rem 1.25rem 2.5rem;
  }

  .subscribe-row {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.5rem;
  }

  .subscribe-input {
    border-right: 1.5px solid #444;
  }

  .article-page {
    padding: 1.5rem 1.25rem 3rem;
  }

  .article-body blockquote {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    margin: 2rem 0;
    padding-left: 1.25rem;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 580px) {
  /* Must match the specificity of the 900px rule above (`.grid:not(...)`,
     0-2-0) or it loses the cascade regardless of source order — which is why
     story grids stayed two-up on phones. */
  .grid:not(.grid--1col) {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  /* Exception: the New Shows row is square podcast artwork, not stories.
     Full-bleed covers stack into a very long scroll, so keep those two-up.
     `.grid.grid--4col` to match 0-2-0 specificity, same reason as above. */
  .grid.grid--4col {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  }
}